The Costa Rica–Panama land boundary extends for 360 km from the Caribbean Sea in the north to the Pacific Ocean in the south, following rivers, watersheds and straight lines. The boundary includes a 44 km north-south straight line through the La Amistad International Peace Park in the Talamanca Mountains, a World Heritage Site that is jointly managed by the two countries. The alignment of the boundary was disputed throughout the 19th century and was the subject of arbitrations by the president of France and the chief justice of the United States in 1900 and 1914. The present alignment was confirmed in a 1941 treaty, followed by demarcation, which was completed in 1944.

Costa Rica and Panama also have an established maritime boundary.