Italy–Vatican City
Vatican City is the smallest sovereign State in the world, and it is enclaved within the Italian city of Rome. Italy and Vatican City have a 3.8 kilometer (2.4 mile) long international boundary. It was created in 1929 by an agreement between the Italian government and the Holy See, the government of the Roman Catholic Church. Vatican City was established to ensure the autonomy of the Holy See in its governing of the largest Christian Church in the world. The boundary of Vatican City is delimited via a map annexed to the 1929 Lateran Agreement. Since then there have been no official adjustments to the boundary, but small discrepancies have arisen in the interpretation of the boundary based on the historic maps published by the two States. Officially, these cartographic differences have not led to government-backed boundary disputes. The publicly accessible areas of the boundary are well demarcated by the Holy See.

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